Born in 1691:
Died in 1691:
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George Fox, founder of the Society of Friends (aka "Quakers").
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Irish chemist Robert Boyle.
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Dutch painter Emanuel de Witte.
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French Carmelite monk Brother Lawrence, born Nicholas Herman.
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English engraver William Faithorne, in exile in France.
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Dutch painter Aubert Cuyp.
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English dramatist Elizabeth Polwhele.
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French harpsichordist and composer Jean-Henri d' Anglebert.
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French poet Isaac de Benserade.
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Former New York governor Jacob Leisler and his son-in-law Jacob
Milborne, see below.
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Pope Alexander VIII. The Cardinals meet, but French and Spanish
factions cannot get enough support for their own candidates. Eventually
the Archbishop of Naples, Antonio Pginatelli, is elected Pope Innocent
XII.
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Ottoman sultan Süleymân II, Ahmed
II succeeds him.
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Luo Wenzao, Roman Catholic Bishop of China.
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Japanese Buddhist philosopher Kumazawa Banzan.
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Japanese painter Tosa Mitsuoki.
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Russian Orthodox priest Silvester Medvedev, beheaded for heresy.
Events of 1691:
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Thomas Southerne's play The Wives' Excuse, or, Cuckolds Make
Themselves premeires.
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Henry Purcell's opera King Arthur, or, The British Worthy
premeires.
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Texas is established as a province of New Spain, and Domingo
Terán de los Ríos is appointed governor of it an Coahuila.
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Virginia forbids interracial marriage, and enacts legislation
for the recapture of runaway or rebellious slaves.
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Two counties of Virginia around the settlements of Albemarle and Charleston
are renamed North Carolina and South Carolina.
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There is a bloody slave rebellion in Jamaica.
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Philadelphia is incorporated as a city.
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Floods turn Mexico City back into Lake Texcoco.
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Louis XIV replaces Acadia governor Meneval with Joseph Robinau de
Villebon.
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Don Diego de Vargas invades New Mexico in order to recapture
it (the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 had driven the Spanish out).
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William III rearranges England's North American colonies a bit:
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he signs a new charter for Massachusetts Bay Colony, merging it
with Plymouth Colony (and throwing Maine and Nova Scotia in for good
measure.) It also grants religious freedom, for Protestants at any
rate.
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he revokes the Charter of Maryland and turns it into a royal colony.
Roman Catholic Charles Calvert, third Lord Baltimore, retains his ownership
of most of the land.
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King William's War/War of the League of Augsburg/Nine Years' War:
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Abenaki Indians sign a treaty with the town of Wells, Maine,
to exchange prisoners but the exchange never occurs. Míkmaq and
Maliseet later attack Fort Wells.
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Benjamin Church raids Abenaki villages throughout Maine.
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In Scotland, most of the Highland clans swear fealty to William.
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William, in the wake of his victory in Ireland the previous year,
moves his army to the Spanish Netherlands to campaign against Louis
XIV. However, Orangist forces consolidate their control over Ireland.
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Jacob Leisler made enemies of the Dutch New York aristocracy for taking
control of New York during the Glorious Revolution in 1689. Even worse,
he instituted a system of popular representation in the New York legislature.
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William's new governor, Henry Sloughter, arrives in New York and is told
of Leisler's "usurpation". Leisler is ordered to surender the
fort, and is arrested.
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Although the aristocrats want him dead, Sloughter refuses
to sign a death warrant until William orders him to. So what
do the aristocrats do? They invite Sloughter to a party on Staten
Island and get him drunk. Somewhere in his stupor, Sloughter signs
a paper his hosts put in front of him. Before he sobers up the next
morning, Leisler and Milbourne have been hanged.
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Salim Giray I is replaced as Khan of the Crimea
by the new Ottoman sultan, then briefly by Sa'adat Giray II, then Safa
Giray.
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Qing emperor Kang Xi pacifies Khalh Mongolia.
1690 - 1691 - 1692
How They Were Made - 17th Century
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