Living organisms are not precision devices. Most
biological processes are inherently
stochastic - whether or not a
gene is
transcribed is non-
deterministic. As a result, the
number of
molecules of any given type (for instance) is not usually tightly
regulated (you could
postulate the existence of mechanisms for counting the number of molecules produced, but remember that for every extra mechanism you're sticking in a
cell you're increasing the amount of
work that that cell has to do). At the same time, the
environment in which the organism is living is
unpredictable. Faced with these problems, a
pathway that is highly
dependent on the number of molecules of something present or which depends on a particular precise set of conditions is unlikely to be a great deal of use. As a result of this,
robustness is a
hallmark of many biological systems - that is, they are capable of
functioning even when quite badly
perturbed by things such as molecular
concentration or external factors not under the control of the organism. This may reduce
efficiency, but it increases the
probability of surviving and passing on your
genes to your
offspring and being
fit in the biological sense.