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Derren Brown beats nine grandmasters at chess

created by Chris Hook

(idea) by Chris Hook (10.6 mon) (print)   ?   (I like it!) 2 C!s Sat May 15 2004 at 13:06:55

This was one of the most puzzling of psychological illusionist Derren Brown's latest feats in his new TV series "Trick of the Mind", yet it is one of the most simple. Derren Brown sometimes reveals how he does his tricks afterwards, and in many ways this is more entertaining than the trick itself.

Brown gathered together nine highly skilled chess players, including grandmasters, international masters, and fide masters. He then sat them around in a circle with dividing walls so that they could not see each other. Brown, who claimed he had no skill at chess, then moved around the circle playing all nine men simultaneously. His results were four wins, three losses, and two draws.

So how did Brown come out on top?

Simple - he didn't actually play any chess at all!

To explain how he did it, I will label the nine players A through to I. Brown's first step was to pair the players off. So, player A was paired with player B, C with D, E with F, and G with H. We will leave player I for now.

So, Brown began with player A's game in which A moved first. Brown did not make his move yet. Instead he moved to the next game. He had memorised player A's first move and in his game with player B, Brown moved first and simply copied A's opening move. Brown repeated this tactic with each pairing, effectively creating the situation where the pairs were simply playing each other, not Brown. By proceeding in this fashion, Brown would be guaranteed to win, or at least draw, against these top chess players.

But wait a minute!

What about player I? Surely Brown can only break even when playing the eight paired off players? Yet he came out on top.

Here is where Derren Brown kicks you in the nuts with something amazing just when you think you know how he did it. Brown picked the weakest of the group of players as player I, and actually played a real game of chess with him. Even though player I was not a grandmaster and only a young player, he was still one of the best young players in Britain.

How Brown beat this man remains a mystery. Is he much more skilled at chess than he claims? Did he use some of his psychological trickery to overcome the superior player? I guess the only person who knows for certain is Derren Brown himself.

Oh yes - Brown also opened a sealed envelope at the end of the trick in which he had predicted the exact number of pieces left on each player's board.

Even though he has explained much of the trick to you, you are still left wondering:

"Now how did he do that...?"


With some minor adaptations, this makes the great basis of way to trick your friends who think they are better at chess than you!


(idea) by badme (1.1 d) (print)   ?   (I like it!) Wed May 09 2007 at 14:55:23

First: check out the video on Youtube. Just look for 'Derren Brown chess' or something similar. It's pretty nifty. Then, after you're perplexed, go back to this writeup. I'll be waiting.

Back already? Alright, let's do this:

The important thing to keep in mind is that he is, at heart, a magician. As such, he's got all the tools a magician has; sleight-of-hand, charisma, misdirection, etc.

Probably the craftiest thing he's done, though, is the claim of 'mentalism'. He treads a middle-ground: he doesn't say he has paranormal powers, but he clearly demonstrates freakishly above-normal, pseudo-magical abilities without ever stating them to be as such. A good example of this is his 'photoreading' demonstration on TV. He doesn't say he's reading your mind or whatever; rather, he just mastered a very efficent method to save images in his subconscious. Check it out on Youtube.

This is kind of confusing for awhile, but remember, he's a magician. The best explanation is simply that, while he's probably a very smart and charismatic man who's quite good at reading and influencing people, all the hard-to-believe claims are just another form of misdirection. You're left with this impression that 'this man is UNBELIEVABLE', when that thought, in and of itself, makes you miss how he actually does it.

The chess thing is an excellent example of this. Ok, so he gives an explanation for how he beats all eight players, but then leaves the last unexplained. Note that the way he did the first eight by playing them against each other is not a new trick at all; it's been around for decades, minimum, and probably a lot longer in correspondence chess. This is why, whenever someone holds a 'Grandmaster X vs. 10 people at once' challenge, they usually make the Grandmaster play the same color to prevent this from happening. It's still very impressive that he managed to memorize all those moves and keep them straight, mentally. He's certainly a very smart man.

So now we're left with player nine and the number prediction. How did he do this?

According to an article on chessbase located at http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1610, player nine, the one he supposedly beat legitimately, has an ELO rating of 2200. Now, I play chess on a casual basis; one of my friends who's rather serious at it guessed I play at a '1200 level'. But I do know this: no one at my casual level could dream of beating a 2200. It's just border-line impossibe. 2200 is Candidate-Master level, for chrissakes.

So how did Brown do it?

There's really only two options:

1. Derren Brown's ability to influence people is so great that he can cause a 2200 level player to lose to a casual one.

2. He's far, far better at chess than he tells the audience, either naturally, through much study, or some combination of the two factors.

3. He cheated.

1 is impossible. To 'confuse/intimidate/mentally screw-up' a 2200 level player into losing to a 1200 or so one would probably require something on the order of a physical beating or extensive sleep deprivation. It's just impossible to 'subconsciously suggest' someone like that into losing to a person who does not deeply understand understand chess theory. It's like making the Yankees lose to the Little League world champions. That kind of mental power has not been observed under a controlled setting. Ever.

2 Is possible but unlikely. He's a gifted actor and magician; there's not all that much time in a busy life to perfect one's chess game to the level of Candidate-Master, ESPECIALLY if you try to do it secretly, without joining any form of chess community or the like. Going to tournaments, having a rating, etc would tip people off that you're obviously a good deal better than you claim to be. And you need that kind of practice, that level of competition you can only get at a rated tournament, to seriously improve. Can you imagine a baseball player reaching the minor leagues without ever joining a high-school/college/club team of any kind, and doing nothing but going to batting cages and the like? It's just not possible.

3 Is by far the most likely. I mean, that's it, right? There's really no other possibility. There's usually a guarantee at the start of Brown's specials that he uses no 'stooges' (actors/plants) as part of his act, but this explanation doesn't require one. He could've been wearing an earpiece and had a Master-level player feeding him moves offstage. Or he could've just lied in his disclaimer and paid off the ninth player to lose on purpose to him. This requires neither that Brown has incredible, unheard of mental powers, nor that he's somehow a closet chess god who got that way without any real effort. Occam's Razor.




So how'd he do the number thing?

First and foremost: immediately notice that he only needs to predict the outcomes of 5 games perfectly to get this right (just reverse everything). This is, however, a red-herring, as explained below.

Second: He has no direct control on games 1-8. He's just repeating moves back-and-forth. Unless he can either read the future or 'suggest' to these Grandmasters exactly how many pieces to lose, he cannot have predicted these numbers. Period.

Third: According to several opinions from far greater chess players than I, predicting the outcome of any game at the start of it, even knowing the strengths and weaknesses of both players intimately, is almost literally impossible. It's a task beyond the most colossal of supercomputers. Technically, you could do it if you attempt to intentionally lose by just resigning once you've captured enough of your opponent's pieces, but remember, Brown actually won the ninth game. So this is still impossible.

Fourth: notice that he got the first number wrong. This is a misdirection in and of itself; it's an attempt to show that his mental powers are 'human', and fallible.

Finally: He's a magician, people. What's the most basic skill of a magician, after misdirection in all of its many forms? What does the fourth grader learn in his 'Young Magic!' set that the street hustler playing Three-Card Monty already knows? Sleight-of-hand, people.

He switched the envelope at some point. The power of TV editing means it's almost certainly impossible for any of us to tell; the exact moment he did it was probably never broadcast. But he switched them, just the same. It's either that or the first player was paid off at the start. Occam's Razor triumps, yet again.

It sucks to destroy the mystery in such a way. If anyone else can think of a justifiable explanation, feel free to post it to this node. The video is still up on Youtube. Check it out, if you ignored my advice at the top and read this straight through (bad you!). Watch it and then post your thoughts. But honestly, I doubt anyone else has thought of a better explanation than the ones I've presented here.


Oh, and photoreading? Almost certainly cheated with an earpiece and another cameraman. :)


printable version
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