This is patently false, of course. Nonetheless we have the following "proof" by induction.
unproof: We'll denote the number of people in the room by n.
Consider a room with n+1 people in it, one of them a redhead. Ask one of the non-redheads to step outside the room for a moment. Then we are left with a room with n people in it, and one of them is (still) a redhead. By the induction hypothesis, all n people are redheads!
Now ask the (only) non-redhead who stepped out to return to the room; ask some other person to step out, and again we're left with n people in a room, one of them (in fact, all but one of them!) a redhead. By the hypothesis, we deduce that all n are redheads, in particular the remaining person. Returning the redhead who stepped outside to the room, we see that all n+1 people are redheads.
What's wrong here??
This is a common problem with this unproof: it's false, but for much simpler reasons than what people try to make up!
It's false because the induction step assumes n > 2.
You can't send out a non-redhead, bring them in, and then send out a different non-redhead if you only have one non-redhead.
SPUI's comment is mistaken on two counts:
a) If you have no people in a room, it is true that they are all redheads! This is because the converse is 'there is a person in the room who is not a redhead' which is false.
b) You don't need to do the "true for n=0" -> "true for n=1" step since we know it's true for n=1 anyway.
Oh, and how come these last three noders know words like probability, set, integer, function, and (gasp) bijection, when their grasp of maths is clearly about as good as my grasp of pre-twelfth-century formal Korean?...
printable version chaos
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