Modern Art, as I see it, can be explained by a trend away from stark representationalism. Artists in the twentieth century became frustrated with the inability of art to convey emotion and real meaning. After all, a painting of a vase is just a painting of a vase. There is no substance to that. Modern artists saw that representationalism had all been done, many times over. It was old, hashed over, worthless. They wanted to discover art for art's sake. One of the famous examples of this was when Marcel DuChamp took a manufactured urinal, signed it R. Mutt and put it on a pedestal. It was promptly removed from the exhibit. However, he declared that it was art, simply because he as an artist had declared it to be art. He created a `new thought for the object'.
Modern Art also grew out of the WW1 and the aftermath of it, when people became disillusioned with life as it is. The absurdity and brutality of existence played a large role in Modern Art, as it did in existentialism. Some people, of course, say this is a load of crap, but such people are typically not very open-minded. Modern Art may not require the hand-eye coordination that realistic art has, but it is still a result of a thoughtful and deliberate choice of the artist. Pablo Picasso, after all, was a prodigy when it came to realistic drawing. He deliberately moved away from it because he realized that it was inadequate when it came to purveying meaning.
Modern Art can be seen as including the trends of Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract Art, futurism, Dada, De Stilj, Bauhaus, and many others. Where will art go next? Who knows. Does it seem like everything has been done? Maybe - but you never know until suddenly everything is bigger than it was before.
Some links to my favorite modern and post-modern artists: Remedios Varo, Salvador Dali, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Frank Lloyd Wright (yes, he counts as an artist. His houses were works of art, not just living spaces).
Modern Art is a brilliant strategic board game for three to five players based around the idea of art auctions. It takes forty five minutes or so to play and is available at better hobby stores everywhere. There is also a nearly identical version that can be played with a standard deck of cards, a few poker chips, and the money stripped from a Monopoly game (I'll describe the rules for this version at the end). There's a gorgeous version of this game available from Mayfair Games for around $20-$25 that I own, although when I'm playing with friends very familiar with the game, we usually play the deck-and-Monopoly-money version instead.
Modern Art is based on the idea of art auctions, and this game actually does a very good (and enjoyable) job of simulating them. Each player is a competing art dealer who wants to maximize the value of his or her own art portfolio. A player does this by acquiring paintings by more popular artists and ditching paintings by less popular artists.
In the published version of the game, there is a deck of seventy cards, each depicting upon it a painting by one of five artists (there are fourteen paintings per artist). Each player has a hand of these cards that he/she can auction off; much of the strategy comes from choosing which cards to auction off. The player who auctions off the card can participate in these auctions.
Now, each card also has a specific type of auction, of which there are five:
The type of auction is marked on the card. A player auctions off one of his or her cards each turn, with play progressing to the left.
Each player starts with a fixed hand size based on the number of players. No cards are drawn except at the end of the first and second of the four phases (and the hand is only built up a small amount then), so a good part of the strategy is maximizing what you can get out of the cards you have in hand. A player also starts with $100,000 in chips.
A phase ends when the fifth painting by any one artist is sold. At that point, the artists are ranked based on the number of paintings he/she has sold (if there are ties, both are treated as having the same, higher placement). Each painting by that artist is then assigned a value based on that artist's ranking. The first place artist has paintings worth $30,000 a pop, second place artist has paintings worth $20,000, third place artist has paintings worth $10,000, and the paintings by the other artists are worthless.
Now, here's the interesting part: the money itself is represented as chips with values of $30,000, $20,000, and $10,000. The board itself shows the five artists. Now, the players put the chips on the board (from the bank, of course) based on the value of the artist's paintings along with the chips already there from previous phases. So, if at the end of the third phase, one of the artists has two $30,000 chips and one $10,000 chip on his space on the board, his paintings can be sold at $70,000. This is how the game keeps track of an artist's previous popularity.
At the end of a phase, all players then sell all the paintings they have purchased to the bank for their value. That's not the only way to make money, though; when a painting is bought at auction, the player who auctioned it off gets the money from that painting (if you win your own auction, though, you have to pay the bank). So, pretty much every move in the game is loaded with strategic decisions.
All players keep their money chips hidden throughout the game; the only thing you can see from each player is the paintings he/she has purchased in the current round. At the end of the game, each player counts up his/her money chips, and the player with the most chips wins the game.
Rather than using money chips, players use money stripped from Monopoly. All values above are divided by 100, meaning each player starts with $1,000 and the artists have values of $300, $200, and $100.
Obviously, in this version there are four artists (the suits) with thirteen paintings per artist (the ranks). The auctions are done according to the ranks:
Also, these are the number of cards each player should draw and add to their auction hand at the start of the game and after each auction phase.
| Start of game | After Phase 1 | After Phase 2 | After Phase 3 | ----------|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------| 3 players | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 4 players | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 players | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
After each phase, when all the paintings are sold, take a card of each suit and mark its value in the middle of the table with $100 bills; that way, each player is reminded of the value of each artist much in the same way the board does in the regular game.
The homebrew version plays much the same as the "real" version, but doesn't have the same flavor without the art. It's nice for learning the flow of the game or for longtime players who know the exquisite published version forward and backward; otherwise, the published one is better.
These strategic points work for both versions of the game, as they are very similar in terms of play.
When you get your opening hand, sort them by artist. If you have multiple once around auctions by the same artist, focus on this artist as much as you can, as these are the easiest for the dealer to win. Fixed price and sealed auctions are very dangerous, as you may never get the chance to bid. In other words, pick the artist in your hand with the most once around, open, and double auctions and try as hard as you can to win auctions by that artist. Although there's not much subtlety, this will keep you in contention.
An alternate strategy is to wait on pushing this artist until the second round, especially if that artist is considered worthless after the first round. The other players will be competing for the more valuable artists, so you can often scoop up two or three paintings at very cheap prices. This is a routine strategy with the people I've played with; often, a worthless artist after the first round is the most valuable one after the last round. We sarcastically call it the "Van Gogh effect."
I am admittedly a board game fan, and this is one of the best I've ever played. It ranks up there with Torres, Twixt, Acquire, and Carcassonne as my favorite games of all time. It plays rather quickly (usually under an hour), yet it has a certain "something" that just makes it a thorough joy to play.
"Modern Art" is an incredibly general term that covers about a century of very diverse art forms. One could say that modern art involves a focus on the medium and abstracting, personalizing and changing objects. However none of these can apply to all modern artists, or all genres of modern art.
This node will explore the origins, ideas, and artists involved during the "modern" period, formatted and written so that it doesn't take weeks to read. Although I can easily be an art snob, I have strayed from the typical pretentious language (I feel that art is vastly misunderstood by the masses, and I blame art historians and critics). I would suggest researching any subject that interests you further, there are vast amounts of information not contained in this node. Enjoy!
Includes movements such as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism that crept away from the traditional Greco-Roman trend towards perfection of image.
Two artists involved in the development of modern art before impressionism would include Turner and Whistler. Turner was a speed fanatic, in the old fashioned sense. He was fascinated by movement. In his paintings (mostly of boats on tumultuous seas, but often of other fast-moving vehicles), Turner very successfully captures the power of motion; emphasizing the danger it poses. Turner would know first hand; he once strapped himself to the bow of a boat in a hurricane, and rode the whole thing out, just to feel it. He was very influenced by technology, especially trains, and the capturing of movement. A famous work, Rain, Steam and Speed uses very gestural strokes in order to portray the movement. Whistler was an artist that was known for his abstracted paintings that focused on color. The true title of his most famous work, Arrangement in Grey and Black: A portrait of the artist's Mother (known to the public as simply "Whistler's Mother") demonstrates this focus. It is very important to note Whistler's choice to address the formal elements (color, etc.) before addressing the subject. Another important (and much more abstract) work, Nocturn in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket was slammed by a critic saying that Whistler was paid "to fling a pot of paint in the face of the public"*. Whistler sued him for libel, and won, but had to file bankruptcy because of the cost of the lawsuit. Still, it was a triumph for the creative aspect of art. Thanks to Whistler, artists could (within reason) conduct "art for art's sake." Incidentally, the critic went crazy.
Turner was a speed fanatic, in the old fashioned sense. He was fascinated by movement. In his paintings (mostly of boats on tumultuous seas, but often of other fast-moving vehicles), Turner very successfully captures the power of motion; emphasizing the danger it poses. Turner would know first hand; he once strapped himself to the bow of a boat in a hurricane, and rode the whole thing out, just to feel it. He was very influenced by technology, especially trains, and the capturing of movement. A famous work, Rain, Steam and Speed uses very gestural strokes in order to portray the movement.
Whistler was an artist that was known for his abstracted paintings that focused on color. The true title of his most famous work, Arrangement in Grey and Black: A portrait of the artist's Mother (known to the public as simply "Whistler's Mother") demonstrates this focus. It is very important to note Whistler's choice to address the formal elements (color, etc.) before addressing the subject. Another important (and much more abstract) work, Nocturn in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket was slammed by a critic saying that Whistler was paid "to fling a pot of paint in the face of the public"*. Whistler sued him for libel, and won, but had to file bankruptcy because of the cost of the lawsuit. Still, it was a triumph for the creative aspect of art. Thanks to Whistler, artists could (within reason) conduct "art for art's sake." Incidentally, the critic went crazy.
Thanks to Gritchka for corrections on this quote
Impressionism-A "club" invented by Degas, consisted of Degas, Monet, Renoir, Cassatt, and others. This group would hold gallery exhibitions hosted by Degas (who was really really rich). Many people considered Edoard Manet to be an impressionist, but this is not the case. Although Manet painted in an impressionist style, he explicitly declined Degas's invitation to be a part of the group. I will still group him in this category however. The term, "impressionism" was developed by a critic, based on his viewing of Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise.This critic was slamming the movement. The Impressionists typically painted leisure activities of the upper-middle class. This would include boating, picnicking, horseraces, and ballet dancers. Their main focus was the capturing of light, of a particular moment in time, much like a carmera. Impressionist images are often cropped, or part of the action is cut off. This could stem from photography's influence on painting. Other stylistic developments in impressionism would include broken brush strokes, and a change in perspective (an influence from both photography and Japanese prints). ARTISTS Manet was a part of the Salon de Refuses in France, an exhibition of Salon Naturalist artists that were rejected from the standard academic salon. Manet's paintings were often very controversial because of the use of space, and the use of nude women in inappropriate context (for example, in a park, with clothed men). Manet's Olympia was voted the equivlent of "worst in show" because of both its content (a well known prostitute with a cat (French slang isn't that different from American in that cats and vaginas were related) and a black woman (Africans were thought to be unnaturally sexual) and because of its flat paint. Degas was the inventor of Impressionism as a club. He personally funded all exhibitions. Degas was quite a snob and, unlike most of his counterparts, refused to paint outside. He frequently painted pictures of ballerinas, who, in late 19th century France, tended to double as prostitutes. As stated, impressionism focused on the leisure activities of the upper middle class, so, although the prostitutes were lower class, they formed the leisure activities of the upper-class males. Monet focused on painting atmosphere. He made an effort to show the influence of light in paintings by painting the same things over and over again, using different colors. He is most famous for his water lilies and haystacks. Eventually ditched the impressionists with Renoir to work on color theory paintings. Renoir tended to paint flickering light. Most famous for paintings of families in the park. Cassat was "close friends" with Degas, probably because they were both rich. Marie Cassat only got to become an artist because of her family's neverending funds. Cassat was very interested in Japanese prints, and studied them greatly. (This was becoming a trend in the artistic community in France). Cassat painted many portraits of mothers and children, simply because it was what she was around. Post-Impressionism is simply a reaction to impressionism, in either an emotional or an intellectual way. Emotional artists include Van Gogh and Gauguin, Several characteristics of this movement are symbolism (due to dreams, drugs, or religion), cloisonism (a black outline around the figures) and primitivism (trying to find a society that was back to the basics) Intellectual artists include Seurat, Cezanne, and Toulouse-Lautrec. These painters concentrated on geometry and color theory. ARTISTS Van Gogh was a crazy epileptic artist believed by some to have schizophrenia. Originally wanted to be a priest, but was rejected from the field. Had several failed relationships with women (ended up getting syphilis), and decided he had to be an artist. He and Gauguin shared a yellow house in Arles, France, where they painted obsessively, until Van Gogh cut off his own ear and gave it to a prostitute. He was institutionalized, and eventually commit suicide. Incidentally, his most famous works, Starry Night and many sunflower paintings, were completed during his institutionalization. Van Gogh used swirling brushstrokes to emphasize his insanity. Watch out if you are fortunate enough to have enough money to contemplate buying a Van Gogh, he is one of the most bootlegged artists on the market. Don't buy a fake! Gauguin painted flattened forms, and abstracted them quite a bit. Eventually he moved to an island where he was quite content living around natives (he was fascinated by their "uncorrupted" culture (that the women didn't wear clothes). Seurat invented pointillism and "neo-impressionism" or intellectual impressionism, and used it in a color theory atmosphere. "Seurat does dots" was the mnemonic device I learned. His most famous painting, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte (you know the one in Ferris Bueller's Day Off) is comprised of various dots combining to trick the eye into believing certain colors were complete. Cezanne often painted still lives and landscapes with a very geometric aspect to them. Influenced Cubism greatly. Toulouse-Lautrec (or the dwarf in Moulin Rouge) painted lots of advertising art, in addition to his portrayal of bars and whorehouses (including the Moulin Rouge). Although Toulouse-Lautrec was short in stature, he made up for it in other areas. He was nicknamed "tripod" because of the large size of his penis (there are pictures). He often used obscure colors in his paintings.
Impressionism-A "club" invented by Degas, consisted of Degas, Monet, Renoir, Cassatt, and others. This group would hold gallery exhibitions hosted by Degas (who was really really rich). Many people considered Edoard Manet to be an impressionist, but this is not the case. Although Manet painted in an impressionist style, he explicitly declined Degas's invitation to be a part of the group. I will still group him in this category however. The term, "impressionism" was developed by a critic, based on his viewing of Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise.This critic was slamming the movement.
The Impressionists typically painted leisure activities of the upper-middle class. This would include boating, picnicking, horseraces, and ballet dancers. Their main focus was the capturing of light, of a particular moment in time, much like a carmera.
Impressionist images are often cropped, or part of the action is cut off. This could stem from photography's influence on painting. Other stylistic developments in impressionism would include broken brush strokes, and a change in perspective (an influence from both photography and Japanese prints).
ARTISTS
Manet was a part of the Salon de Refuses in France, an exhibition of Salon Naturalist artists that were rejected from the standard academic salon. Manet's paintings were often very controversial because of the use of space, and the use of nude women in inappropriate context (for example, in a park, with clothed men). Manet's Olympia was voted the equivlent of "worst in show" because of both its content (a well known prostitute with a cat (French slang isn't that different from American in that cats and vaginas were related) and a black woman (Africans were thought to be unnaturally sexual) and because of its flat paint. Degas was the inventor of Impressionism as a club. He personally funded all exhibitions. Degas was quite a snob and, unlike most of his counterparts, refused to paint outside. He frequently painted pictures of ballerinas, who, in late 19th century France, tended to double as prostitutes. As stated, impressionism focused on the leisure activities of the upper middle class, so, although the prostitutes were lower class, they formed the leisure activities of the upper-class males. Monet focused on painting atmosphere. He made an effort to show the influence of light in paintings by painting the same things over and over again, using different colors. He is most famous for his water lilies and haystacks. Eventually ditched the impressionists with Renoir to work on color theory paintings. Renoir tended to paint flickering light. Most famous for paintings of families in the park. Cassat was "close friends" with Degas, probably because they were both rich. Marie Cassat only got to become an artist because of her family's neverending funds. Cassat was very interested in Japanese prints, and studied them greatly. (This was becoming a trend in the artistic community in France). Cassat painted many portraits of mothers and children, simply because it was what she was around.
Manet was a part of the Salon de Refuses in France, an exhibition of Salon Naturalist artists that were rejected from the standard academic salon. Manet's paintings were often very controversial because of the use of space, and the use of nude women in inappropriate context (for example, in a park, with clothed men). Manet's Olympia was voted the equivlent of "worst in show" because of both its content (a well known prostitute with a cat (French slang isn't that different from American in that cats and vaginas were related) and a black woman (Africans were thought to be unnaturally sexual) and because of its flat paint.
Degas was the inventor of Impressionism as a club. He personally funded all exhibitions. Degas was quite a snob and, unlike most of his counterparts, refused to paint outside. He frequently painted pictures of ballerinas, who, in late 19th century France, tended to double as prostitutes. As stated, impressionism focused on the leisure activities of the upper middle class, so, although the prostitutes were lower class, they formed the leisure activities of the upper-class males.
Monet focused on painting atmosphere. He made an effort to show the influence of light in paintings by painting the same things over and over again, using different colors. He is most famous for his water lilies and haystacks. Eventually ditched the impressionists with Renoir to work on color theory paintings.
Renoir tended to paint flickering light. Most famous for paintings of families in the park.
Cassat was "close friends" with Degas, probably because they were both rich. Marie Cassat only got to become an artist because of her family's neverending funds. Cassat was very interested in Japanese prints, and studied them greatly. (This was becoming a trend in the artistic community in France). Cassat painted many portraits of mothers and children, simply because it was what she was around.
Post-Impressionism is simply a reaction to impressionism, in either an emotional or an intellectual way. Emotional artists include Van Gogh and Gauguin, Several characteristics of this movement are symbolism (due to dreams, drugs, or religion), cloisonism (a black outline around the figures) and primitivism (trying to find a society that was back to the basics) Intellectual artists include Seurat, Cezanne, and Toulouse-Lautrec. These painters concentrated on geometry and color theory.
Van Gogh was a crazy epileptic artist believed by some to have schizophrenia. Originally wanted to be a priest, but was rejected from the field. Had several failed relationships with women (ended up getting syphilis), and decided he had to be an artist. He and Gauguin shared a yellow house in Arles, France, where they painted obsessively, until Van Gogh cut off his own ear and gave it to a prostitute. He was institutionalized, and eventually commit suicide. Incidentally, his most famous works, Starry Night and many sunflower paintings, were completed during his institutionalization. Van Gogh used swirling brushstrokes to emphasize his insanity. Watch out if you are fortunate enough to have enough money to contemplate buying a Van Gogh, he is one of the most bootlegged artists on the market. Don't buy a fake! Gauguin painted flattened forms, and abstracted them quite a bit. Eventually he moved to an island where he was quite content living around natives (he was fascinated by their "uncorrupted" culture (that the women didn't wear clothes). Seurat invented pointillism and "neo-impressionism" or intellectual impressionism, and used it in a color theory atmosphere. "Seurat does dots" was the mnemonic device I learned. His most famous painting, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte (you know the one in Ferris Bueller's Day Off) is comprised of various dots combining to trick the eye into believing certain colors were complete. Cezanne often painted still lives and landscapes with a very geometric aspect to them. Influenced Cubism greatly. Toulouse-Lautrec (or the dwarf in Moulin Rouge) painted lots of advertising art, in addition to his portrayal of bars and whorehouses (including the Moulin Rouge). Although Toulouse-Lautrec was short in stature, he made up for it in other areas. He was nicknamed "tripod" because of the large size of his penis (there are pictures). He often used obscure colors in his paintings.
Van Gogh was a crazy epileptic artist believed by some to have schizophrenia. Originally wanted to be a priest, but was rejected from the field. Had several failed relationships with women (ended up getting syphilis), and decided he had to be an artist. He and Gauguin shared a yellow house in Arles, France, where they painted obsessively, until Van Gogh cut off his own ear and gave it to a prostitute. He was institutionalized, and eventually commit suicide. Incidentally, his most famous works, Starry Night and many sunflower paintings, were completed during his institutionalization. Van Gogh used swirling brushstrokes to emphasize his insanity. Watch out if you are fortunate enough to have enough money to contemplate buying a Van Gogh, he is one of the most bootlegged artists on the market. Don't buy a fake!
Gauguin painted flattened forms, and abstracted them quite a bit. Eventually he moved to an island where he was quite content living around natives (he was fascinated by their "uncorrupted" culture (that the women didn't wear clothes).
Seurat invented pointillism and "neo-impressionism" or intellectual impressionism, and used it in a color theory atmosphere. "Seurat does dots" was the mnemonic device I learned. His most famous painting, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte (you know the one in Ferris Bueller's Day Off) is comprised of various dots combining to trick the eye into believing certain colors were complete.
Cezanne often painted still lives and landscapes with a very geometric aspect to them. Influenced Cubism greatly.
Toulouse-Lautrec (or the dwarf in Moulin Rouge) painted lots of advertising art, in addition to his portrayal of bars and whorehouses (including the Moulin Rouge). Although Toulouse-Lautrec was short in stature, he made up for it in other areas. He was nicknamed "tripod" because of the large size of his penis (there are pictures). He often used obscure colors in his paintings.
Expressionism used color and line to convey emotion and significance in a painting. Expressionism in France was known as Fauvism meaning "Wild Beast", which used lots of orange, pink and green. There are two types of expressionism in Germany, known as Die Brücke, or "the bridge" and Der Blaue Reiter or "the blue rider".
Fauvism was developed in France by artists such as Matisse, who painted things such as harmony in red. Die Brücke was developed by artists following Van Gogh's influence. Die Brücke artists painted in a very angular motion. Der Blaue Reiter was developed by artists who compared art to music. Many of these paintings were called "improvisations" or "preludes." This art was very theoretical. ARTISTS Matisse was the primary fauvist, he painted very whimsical scenes, using color to be sensual. Later in life, Matisse switched styles drastically, dabbling in various movements. His works influenced abstract expressionism greatly (particularly the color-field variety) Kirchner focused mainly on the idea that art could teach a lesson. He often painted prostitues using scary angular techniques and lots of dark colors (to contrast very deeply with Matisse's expressionism). Kandinsky was very interested in music, and painted quite a few nocturnes in his day. Most of his forms are nearly unrecognizable to the viewer, so each person to look at a Kandinsky would take away something different. Kandinsky was very theoretical and wrote several (boring) books about color theory and art. Marc focused on animal power in his painting. His masterpiece is considered to be "large blue horse." Marc believed that he could achieve inner harmony through his representations of animals. He also color coded the objects in his painting, blue meaning masculine, red meaning earth, and yellow meaning feminine. As you can tell, he considered men to be strong, (as in a horse).
Fauvism was developed in France by artists such as Matisse, who painted things such as harmony in red.
Die Brücke was developed by artists following Van Gogh's influence. Die Brücke artists painted in a very angular motion.
Der Blaue Reiter was developed by artists who compared art to music. Many of these paintings were called "improvisations" or "preludes." This art was very theoretical.
ARTISTS Matisse was the primary fauvist, he painted very whimsical scenes, using color to be sensual. Later in life, Matisse switched styles drastically, dabbling in various movements. His works influenced abstract expressionism greatly (particularly the color-field variety) Kirchner focused mainly on the idea that art could teach a lesson. He often painted prostitues using scary angular techniques and lots of dark colors (to contrast very deeply with Matisse's expressionism). Kandinsky was very interested in music, and painted quite a few nocturnes in his day. Most of his forms are nearly unrecognizable to the viewer, so each person to look at a Kandinsky would take away something different. Kandinsky was very theoretical and wrote several (boring) books about color theory and art. Marc focused on animal power in his painting. His masterpiece is considered to be "large blue horse." Marc believed that he could achieve inner harmony through his representations of animals. He also color coded the objects in his painting, blue meaning masculine, red meaning earth, and yellow meaning feminine. As you can tell, he considered men to be strong, (as in a horse).
Matisse was the primary fauvist, he painted very whimsical scenes, using color to be sensual. Later in life, Matisse switched styles drastically, dabbling in various movements. His works influenced abstract expressionism greatly (particularly the color-field variety)
Kirchner focused mainly on the idea that art could teach a lesson. He often painted prostitues using scary angular techniques and lots of dark colors (to contrast very deeply with Matisse's expressionism).
Kandinsky was very interested in music, and painted quite a few nocturnes in his day. Most of his forms are nearly unrecognizable to the viewer, so each person to look at a Kandinsky would take away something different. Kandinsky was very theoretical and wrote several (boring) books about color theory and art.
Marc focused on animal power in his painting. His masterpiece is considered to be "large blue horse." Marc believed that he could achieve inner harmony through his representations of animals. He also color coded the objects in his painting, blue meaning masculine, red meaning earth, and yellow meaning feminine. As you can tell, he considered men to be strong, (as in a horse).
Cubism developed from Cezanne's geometry plus the passage of time. The primary cubist artist is Pablo Picasso, who is accredited with inventing the movement. However, Picasso was living with a man named Braque, and they painted together quite often. For awhile they were not signing their works, and Picasso took credit for the movement (even though it is possible Braque could have started it).
There are three types of Cubism, Analytic, Synthetic, and Decorative. Analytic cubism's forms dissolved into the background, and used tonal colors. Synthetic cubism added collage to fool the viewer, and Decorative cubism used bright colors and a Seurat-like pointillism. ARTISTS Braque possible inventor of cubism. Not too much is known about Braque. He pretty much kept quiet while Picasso stole his glory. Picasso wasn't the most honest guy. Not only did he potentially steal credit for an entire movement, he stole Egyptian ruins from the pyramids, and appropriated shapes from African masks. Pablo Picasso was afraid of going blind from Syphilis, and was therefore afraid of prostitues (he still went to them). He painted pictures as a form of voodoo against the whores. Les Demoiselles de Avignon was a painting of prostitues wearing African masks. This is one of the earliest paintings to show the passage of time in a cubist way. Picasso had several phases, his blue phase was realistic and depression, his rose period much like the blue phase, only more lighthearted. Circus folk were in many of these painting. He then went into Cubism, Surrealism, and countless other movements, eventually working in line drawings. MOVEMENTS RELATED TO CUBISM Orphism- Color cubism similar to Seurat's color theory added to cubism. Tubeism- Cubism attitude painted instead with tubular shapes (usually demonstrating fear of technology). Pureism - Cubism in a pure, architectural manner, often with still lives. Futurism- Italian movement associated with politics and anarchy. In this movement, war is good. There was not very much geometry in these paintings, but they showed the passage of time rather well. A famous artist in this movement is Balla, who painted dynamism of a dog on a leash Constructivism- Russian movement focusing on art that was functional and useful. Used modern materials. Suprematism- philosophy: ART DOESN'T NEED TO TEACH!!! This art was not representations of natural appearances, the art was used to express pure artistic essence. There were no alterior motives, no emotions or opinions. There were certain shapes that were more highly regarded by suprematists, the square was considered perfect. Famous artist Malevich painted White on White, a painting of two squares on top of each other, both are white. Neo-Plasticism artists believed that harmony in art would lead to harmony in society. Mondrian was the main artist in this movement, he painted various compositional artworks using primary colors and black lines. Squares were very prevalent. Famous works include Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow and Broadway Boogie Woogie Precisionism- abstraction-based American movement that was interested in American popular culture. This was clearly the predecessor to Warhol's Pop-Art. Sculpture Brancusi's Bird in Space shows a bird without wings (as in the wings are at its side). This sculpture was refused entry into the United States because it was thought to be not art, but a clever means of smuggling precious metals into the country without paying taxes. Brancusi (obviously) took offense to this, and took it to court. The trial was essentially designed to decide whether or not this sculpture was art. After long deliberation, they finally decided it could potentially have artistic merit. Another legal triumph for art!
There are three types of Cubism, Analytic, Synthetic, and Decorative. Analytic cubism's forms dissolved into the background, and used tonal colors. Synthetic cubism added collage to fool the viewer, and Decorative cubism used bright colors and a Seurat-like pointillism.
ARTISTS Braque possible inventor of cubism. Not too much is known about Braque. He pretty much kept quiet while Picasso stole his glory. Picasso wasn't the most honest guy. Not only did he potentially steal credit for an entire movement, he stole Egyptian ruins from the pyramids, and appropriated shapes from African masks. Pablo Picasso was afraid of going blind from Syphilis, and was therefore afraid of prostitues (he still went to them). He painted pictures as a form of voodoo against the whores. Les Demoiselles de Avignon was a painting of prostitues wearing African masks. This is one of the earliest paintings to show the passage of time in a cubist way. Picasso had several phases, his blue phase was realistic and depression, his rose period much like the blue phase, only more lighthearted. Circus folk were in many of these painting. He then went into Cubism, Surrealism, and countless other movements, eventually working in line drawings.
Braque possible inventor of cubism. Not too much is known about Braque. He pretty much kept quiet while Picasso stole his glory.
Picasso wasn't the most honest guy. Not only did he potentially steal credit for an entire movement, he stole Egyptian ruins from the pyramids, and appropriated shapes from African masks. Pablo Picasso was afraid of going blind from Syphilis, and was therefore afraid of prostitues (he still went to them). He painted pictures as a form of voodoo against the whores. Les Demoiselles de Avignon was a painting of prostitues wearing African masks. This is one of the earliest paintings to show the passage of time in a cubist way. Picasso had several phases, his blue phase was realistic and depression, his rose period much like the blue phase, only more lighthearted. Circus folk were in many of these painting. He then went into Cubism, Surrealism, and countless other movements, eventually working in line drawings.
MOVEMENTS RELATED TO CUBISM
Orphism- Color cubism similar to Seurat's color theory added to cubism.
Tubeism- Cubism attitude painted instead with tubular shapes (usually demonstrating fear of technology).
Pureism - Cubism in a pure, architectural manner, often with still lives.
Futurism- Italian movement associated with politics and anarchy. In this movement, war is good. There was not very much geometry in these paintings, but they showed the passage of time rather well. A famous artist in this movement is Balla, who painted dynamism of a dog on a leash
Constructivism- Russian movement focusing on art that was functional and useful. Used modern materials.
Suprematism- philosophy: ART DOESN'T NEED TO TEACH!!! This art was not representations of natural appearances, the art was used to express pure artistic essence. There were no alterior motives, no emotions or opinions. There were certain shapes that were more highly regarded by suprematists, the square was considered perfect. Famous artist Malevich painted White on White, a painting of two squares on top of each other, both are white.
Neo-Plasticism artists believed that harmony in art would lead to harmony in society. Mondrian was the main artist in this movement, he painted various compositional artworks using primary colors and black lines. Squares were very prevalent. Famous works include Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow and Broadway Boogie Woogie
Precisionism- abstraction-based American movement that was interested in American popular culture. This was clearly the predecessor to Warhol's Pop-Art.
Sculpture Brancusi's Bird in Space shows a bird without wings (as in the wings are at its side). This sculpture was refused entry into the United States because it was thought to be not art, but a clever means of smuggling precious metals into the country without paying taxes. Brancusi (obviously) took offense to this, and took it to court. The trial was essentially designed to decide whether or not this sculpture was art. After long deliberation, they finally decided it could potentially have artistic merit. Another legal triumph for art!
Bauhaus and International Style of Architecture used glass wall architecture with steel frames, almost all windows. The domino model was also developed, stacking of levels was invented. This is the prototype for most apartment buildings, and was the predecessor to skyscrapers. Frank Lloyd Wright was known for more modernist architecture, he used a lot of blocky forms, with line being a primary element. He was known for being more of an "artist" than an architect, as many of his works (such as the Kauffman House, or Falling Water) are falling apart. Used reinforced concrete and cantilevers in many of his buildings.
Bauhaus and International Style of Architecture used glass wall architecture with steel frames, almost all windows. The domino model was also developed, stacking of levels was invented. This is the prototype for most apartment buildings, and was the predecessor to skyscrapers.
Frank Lloyd Wright was known for more modernist architecture, he used a lot of blocky forms, with line being a primary element. He was known for being more of an "artist" than an architect, as many of his works (such as the Kauffman House, or Falling Water) are falling apart. Used reinforced concrete and cantilevers in many of his buildings.
Dada is a movement developed originally as an Improvisational Theatre. As an artistic movement, it was considered "anti-art". The artists focused on random images, and were very interested in "outsider art" from untrained artists. They also often used found objects in their work. The term "Dada" was chosen randomly in the dictionary, it is French for "hobbyhorse". ARTISTS Man Ray made "Gift," a sculpture of an iron with spikes on it. It was meant to be useless. This was a ready-made aided work, basically, a work that used a found object that the artist has added something to. DuChamp - was probably the most influential Dada artist. He started out in Cubism (painted Nude Descending a Staircase) then switched to Dada. He was known for taking a urinal and signing it. He also painted a moustache on the Mona Lisa, and wrote L. H. O. O. Q. at the bottom, which, when read in the French alphabet, means (in French) "She has a hot ass" or, "She has a hot asshole". Marcel DuChamp was the original artist to accuse Leonardo da Vinci of painting himself into the Mona Lisa. DuChamp was quite interested in the idea of Da Vinci being a cross dresser, because, by night, Marcel DuChamp was Marie DuChamp
Dada is a movement developed originally as an Improvisational Theatre. As an artistic movement, it was considered "anti-art". The artists focused on random images, and were very interested in "outsider art" from untrained artists. They also often used found objects in their work. The term "Dada" was chosen randomly in the dictionary, it is French for "hobbyhorse".
ARTISTS Man Ray made "Gift," a sculpture of an iron with spikes on it. It was meant to be useless. This was a ready-made aided work, basically, a work that used a found object that the artist has added something to. DuChamp - was probably the most influential Dada artist. He started out in Cubism (painted Nude Descending a Staircase) then switched to Dada. He was known for taking a urinal and signing it. He also painted a moustache on the Mona Lisa, and wrote L. H. O. O. Q. at the bottom, which, when read in the French alphabet, means (in French) "She has a hot ass" or, "She has a hot asshole". Marcel DuChamp was the original artist to accuse Leonardo da Vinci of painting himself into the Mona Lisa. DuChamp was quite interested in the idea of Da Vinci being a cross dresser, because, by night, Marcel DuChamp was Marie DuChamp
Man Ray made "Gift," a sculpture of an iron with spikes on it. It was meant to be useless. This was a ready-made aided work, basically, a work that used a found object that the artist has added something to.
DuChamp - was probably the most influential Dada artist. He started out in Cubism (painted Nude Descending a Staircase) then switched to Dada. He was known for taking a urinal and signing it. He also painted a moustache on the Mona Lisa, and wrote L. H. O. O. Q. at the bottom, which, when read in the French alphabet, means (in French) "She has a hot ass" or, "She has a hot asshole". Marcel DuChamp was the original artist to accuse Leonardo da Vinci of painting himself into the Mona Lisa. DuChamp was quite interested in the idea of Da Vinci being a cross dresser, because, by night, Marcel DuChamp was Marie DuChamp
Surrealism used the randomness of Dada and the otherworldly reality of Sex, Drugs, and Dreams. Surrealists were very interested in Freudian ideas. They also thought of circular logic quite a bit. ARTISTS Dalí was perhaps the most well-known surrealist painter. He was very interested in dreams and the subconscious. He had forms melting into another, stark landscapes, and ridiculous precision. His most famous work is The Persistence of Memory where clocks are melting. This work shows that time doesn't matter when you're asleep. Other awesome Dalí works include Metamorphosis of Narcissus, The Great Masturbator and Cannibalism in Autumn. Dalí was quoted as saying "I do not take drugs, I am drugs". Later in his career, he made a telephone out of a lobster, and a couch out of a pair of lips. He was known for his moustache, which he claimed was his antenna to talk to aliens. Magritte was another surrealist painter who was known for painting Ceci nes pas un pipe (This is not a pipe). This painting (which clearly does show an image of a pipe) could be viewed as quite
Surrealism used the randomness of Dada and the otherworldly reality of Sex, Drugs, and Dreams. Surrealists were very interested in Freudian ideas. They also thought of circular logic quite a bit.
ARTISTS Dalí was perhaps the most well-known surrealist painter. He was very interested in dreams and the subconscious. He had forms melting into another, stark landscapes, and ridiculous precision. His most famous work is The Persistence of Memory where clocks are melting. This work shows that time doesn't matter when you're asleep. Other awesome Dalí works include Metamorphosis of Narcissus, The Great Masturbator and Cannibalism in Autumn. Dalí was quoted as saying "I do not take drugs, I am drugs". Later in his career, he made a telephone out of a lobster, and a couch out of a pair of lips. He was known for his moustache, which he claimed was his antenna to talk to aliens. Magritte was another surrealist painter who was known for painting Ceci nes pas un pipe (This is not a pipe). This painting (which clearly does show an image of a pipe) could be viewed as quite
Dalí was perhaps the most well-known surrealist painter. He was very interested in dreams and the subconscious. He had forms melting into another, stark landscapes, and ridiculous precision. His most famous work is The Persistence of Memory where clocks are melting. This work shows that time doesn't matter when you're asleep. Other awesome Dalí works include Metamorphosis of Narcissus, The Great Masturbator and Cannibalism in Autumn. Dalí was quoted as saying "I do not take drugs, I am drugs". Later in his career, he made a telephone out of a lobster, and a couch out of a pair of lips. He was known for his moustache, which he claimed was his antenna to talk to aliens.
Magritte was another surrealist painter who was known for painting Ceci nes pas un pipe (This is not a pipe). This painting (which clearly does show an image of a pipe) could be viewed as quite
