Pathfinder was a
spacecraft assembled by the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) under the auspices of
NASA. The first spacecraft to land on
Mars in over 20 years, it set down rather roughly on July 4, 1997. Basically, Pathfinder landed by inflating a series of
parachutes to slow its descent somewhat and then inflating
airbags. In Mars' low
gravity, Pathfinder must have bounced numerous times over quite a distance before coming to a halt. This saved considerable mass and complexity over thruster-based landing systems, but was a chancy and untested proposition. Pathfinder was largely a platform to test new
technologies, although planetary
scientists were intrigued by those results obtained.