Societies whose primary mode of communication and record is oral. An example is Ancient Greece, where the homeric epics served as a kind of history book.

In an oral society, history is dynamic. It can change, as the present changes. Time is more malleable than space. Empires tend to extend over time, rather than space.

McLuhan associated oral societies with cool media

Pretty hard to get your head around, since most of us belong to literate societies and their derivatives.