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sarin
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Sarin is a
toxic
nerve
agent
of the organophosphate variety, also known
GB
or
Zarin
. It was first developed in
Germany
in 1938 and named for its four discoverers: Schrader, Ambros, Rüdriger, and van der Linde. The German
government
then created a
full
-
scale
Sarin
synthesis
plant
in Falkenhagen, south of
Berlin
. It is estimated that around 500
kilograms
of Sarin were created for
Nazi
use. The
United States
began synthesizing Sarin in 1950 and ceased
production
in 1956.
Sarin is an
inhibitor
of esterase
enzymes
, most importantly, acetylcholinesterase. When acetylcholinesterase is inhibited, large amounts of acetylcholine block nerve
signal
transmission
.
Symptoms
upon
exposure
to
lethal
dosages
of sarin are loss of
muscle
control, slurring of
speech
,
loss
of
reflexes
,
convulsions
,
coma
, and respiratory failure. Finally,
death
inevitably ensues. It is an unpleasant death, to say the least.
Sarin is most famous for its use in an
attack
on the
Tokyo
subway system by
Aum Shinrikyo
, a
Japanese
doomsday
cult
on March 20, 1995. The attack was carried at out Kasumigaseki
station
, located quite close to the Japanese government offices. 12 people were killed and 5,500 people were injured. It was the first documented
terrorist
use of nerve agents. The
Iraqi
government was also thought to have been producing Sarin gas before and during the
Gulf War
.
Sarin is also known as methylphosphonofluoridic
acid
and (1-methylethyl) ester. Its
molecular
formula is C
4
H
10
FO
2
P and has a
formula
weight
of 140.09. Its
melting
point is -57°C and its
boiling
point is 147°C. Sarin has a
vapor
pressure
of 1.48 mm Hg at
room temperature
(20°C,68°F) and has a
density
of 1.11 grams/cubic cm.
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