• The aurochs becomes extinct.
• The Thirty Years' War rages in Germany.
• The Manchus invade Korea, making it a quasi-vassel state.
• The Trịnh–Nguyễn War erupts in Vietnam between the ruling Trinh and Nguyen clans, and will drag out until 1670.
• Cardinal Richelieu orders an assault on the Huguenots at La Rochelle. An English attempt to break the seige, commanded by the Duke of Buckingham, fails.
• In the "Forced Loan of 1627", English king Charles I, desperate for cash to fund his wars against France and Spain after having dissolved Parliament the previous year, issues a royal decree forcing nobles to loan him money.
• The Barbary Pirates raid Iceland, capturing 242 Icelanders to sell into slavery and slaughtering many others.
• Francis Bacon's New Atlantis is published posthumously.
• Johannes Kepler publishes his Rudolphine tables for calculating the paths of the planets, based on the work of Tycho Brahe.
• The first German opera, "Dafne" by Heinrich Schutz, is produced in Torgau.
• French librarian Gabriel Naudé, later the head librarian of the Bibliothèque Mazarine, publishes the first study of library science, Advice on Establishing a Library.

These people were born in 1627:

• Maratha revolutionary Shivaji.
• Irish chemist Robert Boyle, best known for Boyle's Law.
• Japanese Confucian scholar Itō Jinsai.
• English botanist John Ray.
• English letter-writer Dorothy Osborne.
• French general and author Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier.
• French orator Jacques Bénigne Bossuet.

These people died in 1627:

• Mughal emperor Jahangir. He is succeeded by his son Shah Jahan, who will later build the Taj Mahal.
• The Tianqi Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, succeeded by his son, the Chongzhen Emperor.
• Wei Zhongxian, the most powerful and notorious court eunuch in Chinese history, executed following the death of the Tianqi Emperor.
• English author and playwright Thomas Middleton.
• English poet Richard Barnfield.
• Spanish poet Luis de Góngora, after whom the literary style of Gongorism is named.
• Olivier van Noort, the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.
• Ingram Frizer, the killer of Christopher Marlow.
• First Canadian Louis Hébert.

1626 - 1627 - 1628

17th century