A group of extinct Indo-European languages of ancient Anatolia spoken from sometime in the third millennium BC until the early centuries of the present era, when they were gradually supplanted by Greek. They include the Indo-European languages Hittite, Palaic, Luwian, Lydian, and Lycian.

The Anatolian languages are notable in that they are the only branch of the Indo-European family in which the PIE "laryngeals" are attested.

The discovery of the laryngeals in Hittite affirm Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of sonants coefficients and helped confirm the efficacy of the comparative method in reconstructing Proto-Indo-European.