The historical Tabernacle was the tent-like structure used by the Israelites during their 40 years in the desert. It housed the Ark of the Covenant. (Exodus:25-27)

Tabernacle was also used to refer to the Temple of Jerusalem, built after the return to Israel.

In Roman Catholicism, the tabernacle is the cupboard in which the sacrament of the Eucharist is housed.

source: http://www.wordreference.com

Additionally, tabernacle is a swear word in Québécois French, often shortened to "tabernac" or "tabernak."
source: Senso