Gin is a distilled spirit made from a based of wheat or rye most often. It is flavored with juniper berries and other "botanicals". The combination of various botanicals is what makes a brand of gin taste unique from other brands. Examples of botanicals include anise, angelica root, cinnamon, orange peel, coriander, and cassia bark.

The botanicals can impart their flavor to the spirit in two ways. Cheap gins (called 'compound' gins) are made by mixing the alcohol with extracts and distilling the mixture. Higher-quality gins are made by distilling the vapor through a suspension of botanicals, allowing them to impart their flavor on the gin.

Types of gin include: London dry, Plymouth dry, Old Tom, and Genever or Hollands, which is made in Holland and Belgium.