Latitude does affect
climate, but only in conjunction with
ocean currents and
topography. To give you an idea of what places have the same latitude:
90 N: North Pole
80 N: Ellesmere Island, Svalbard Islands
70 N: Murmansk; Barrow, Alaska
60 N: Stockholm; Anchorage, Alaska; St. Petersburg
55 N: Moscow, Edmonton, Copenhagen
50 N: London, Vancouver, Frankfurt, Astana, Khabarovsk, Winnipeg
45 N: Montreal; Belgrade; Vladivostok; Seattle, Washington
40 N: New York City, Madrid, Beijing, Ankara, Samarkand
35 N: Tokyo; Los Angeles, California; Jerusalem; Kabul; Atlanta, Georgia
30 N: Shanghai; Cairo; Houston, Texas; Delhi
25 N: Taipei; Miami, Florida; Dubai
20 N: Hong Kong, Mexico City, Mumbai, Honolulu
15 N: Bangkok, Manila, Dakar, Guatemala City
10 N: Addis Ababa, Caracas, San Jose
5 N: Kuala Lumpur, Bogota, Lagos
Equator: Singapore, Nairobi, Quito
5 S: Natal, Dar es Salaam
10 S: Luanda, Port Moresby
15 S: Brasilia, Lusaka, La Paz
20 S: Townsville, Fiji
25 S: Rio de Janeiro
30 S: Durban, Brisbane
35 S: Buenos Aires, Cape Town, Sydney
40 S: Wellington
50 S: Falkland Islands
60 S: South Shetland Islands
70 S: Antarctic Peninsula
80 S: Vostok Base
90 S: South Pole
Of course, London and Winnipeg have very different climates, as do Miami and Dubai, and Singapore and Nairobi. In the first two cases, this is due to the water: in the last case, it's due to the land.
The moral of this story is: Don't try to predict a location's climate based solely on where it appears on a political map.