In the field of linguistics, the particular alphabet used is the International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA, which has a symbol for each and every distinct sound that a human is capable of vocalizing, including "clicks" and other such glottal stops.
The use of "niner" in aviation and aerospace came about because "nein" (pronounced like the English "nine"), in German, means "no". There was the potential for a lot of confusion without the use of niner.